"Bohemian Rubies" - taariikhda garnets ee waqooyiga Jamhuuriyadda Czech

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu u eg yahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo turxaan bixiyo, waa... Xiiso leh

Garnet waa dhagax guduudan oo casaan ah, laakiin la mid ma aha ruby. Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu u eg yahay midabka ololka... Wuxuu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si sax ah loo gooyo oo loo turxaan bixiyo, waxay muujin doontaa dhammaan quruxdeeda iyo qummanaanta.

Bohemia waa dawlad la yaab leh, oo ay sameeyeen wakhtiyadii hore dadyowga Slavic, meel aad u qurux badan, oo dhinacyada oo dhan ku wareegsan yihiin buuro. Adiga iyo aniga, akhristayaasha qaaliga ah, ayaa marar badan halkan soo booqday si aan ula yaabno shaqada sayidyada halkan ku dhashay.

Dadka casriga ah waxay la xiriiraan magaca qadiimiga ah ee qaybta waqooyi ee Jamhuuriyadda Czech casriga ah muraayad. Haa, muraayado-dhaliyayaal xirfad leh ayaa ku guuleystay quluubta adduunka oo dhan iyaga oo adeegsanaya farshaxanadooda. Inta badan, waxaad xasuusataa oo aad qalbiga ku dhufatay xaqiiqada dhabta ah shuqullada aabbaha iyo wiilka Blaschka.

Taasi waa inta waxyaabo badan oo xiiso leh oo la yaab leh ay ku urursan yihiin goobtan taariikhiga ah... waxaana inooga horreeya sheeko kale oo soo jiidasho leh oo ku saabsan maskax asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Bohemia... si kastaba ha ahaatee! Inkastoo tani ay ahaan doonto qarsoodi, maanta waxaan tixgelin doonaa qiimaha ugu muhiimsan ee meelahan - bambooyinka iyo dahabka, kuwaas oo noqday astaanta Jamhuuriyadda Czech!

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-2

Bohemian garnets, oo ka tirsan noocyada pyrope ee garnet, ayaa lagu qiimeeyaa midabkooda gaarka ah (garnet waxay magaceeda ka qaadataa noocyadan kala duwan) iyo dabka gudaha, taas oo ah natiijada hantidooda gaarka ah.

Qarnigii 19-aad oo ku dhejisan "sirta"

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-4

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-5

Aqoonsiga garnet-yadani waxa ay dib ugu soo laabatay xilligii Bronze-ka, markii ugu horreysay ee dadku ay aqoonsadeen oo ay qaddariyeen midabkooda cajiibka ah. Faylasuufyo iyo qoraayo badan oo Giriigii hore ah, sida Pliny the Elder, Aristotle iyo Theophrastus ee Eresus, waxay ku xuseen rummaanno shaqadooda.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-6

Kaydyo muhiim ah oo garnets ah ayaa laga helay qarnigii 16aad ee Meronice, oo ku yaal buuraha Bohemian ee Jamhuuriyadda Czech. Garnet-yadan waxaa laga helay quruurux taasoo ka dhalatay burburka dhagaxa serpentine waxayna ka heleen midabkooda gaarka ah raadadka chromium iyo manganese.

Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad aqriso:  Stonecutter virtuoso Alfred Zimmerman: orso qaali ah, bisad iyo jiir iyo daayeer.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-7

In kasta oo ay kaliya macdanta la soo saaray 600 ee sano ee la soo dhaafay, garnet-yadan ayaa la ururiyay oo laga sameeyay dahab dhowr kun sano ah.

Dahabka garnet ee Bohemian waxaa lagu yaqaanaa dhagaxyada la gooyey ee ubaxa, kuwaas oo ah pavé oo u eg abuurka garnet.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-8

Dahab ah oo dahab ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray qodista xabaashii Childeric kii Kowaad, boqorkii Franks (436-482 AD)

Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan hantidaas ayaa luntay (ama la qariyay si loo qariyo asalka dhabta ah ee awoowayaasha Merovingian dynasty).

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-9

Waxaa xiiso leh in dahabka boqorka, aasaasaha Faransiiska, ay ku jiraan ma aha oo kaliya garnets, laakiin sidoo kale ku dayasho xirfad leh oo ka samaysan muraayad.

Giraanta Merovingian 6-7 qarnigii AD, dahab, galaas oo ku yaal foornada

Haa, garnets-yada ugu quruxda badan ayaa laga qodo isla aag isku mid ah, isla mar ahaantaana, farsamoyaqaanno xirfad leh ayaa sameeya muraayad isku mid ah. Dhaqamada ka soo jeeda qoto dheer ee qarniyo ay adag tahay in la qiyaaso!

Laakiin halkan waxaa ah ku dayasho casri ah oo garnets ah oo laga sameeyay galaaska Czech (iibiyuhu tan ma qarinayo):

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-11

Marka lagu daro galaaska ku dayashada, garnets Czech ee dahabka waxay noqon kartaa qaab labajibbaaran. Labadan labajibbaaran waxay ka kooban yihiin qayb yar oo garnet ah oo dhuuban (sida caadiga ah almandine pyrope) oo ku dheggan saldhig dhalo ah oo aad u weyn, kaas oo dhab ahaantii masuul ka ah dhammaan midabka dhagaxa. Astaamaha dabeecadda ayaa ah farqiga xooggan ee dhaldhalaalka u dhexeeya garnet yar oo aad u milicsan iyo muraayad yar oo soo celinaysa:

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-12

Intii lagu guda jiray Renaissance, farshaxan-dhagaxyada Venetian waxay u safreen Prague waxayna bareen farsamayaqaannada maxalliga ah inay hagaajiyeen farsamooyinka jarista iyo dejinta dhagaxyada, taas oo u oggolaanaysa garnets in loo isticmaalo dahabka iyo farshaxanka.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-13

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-14

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-15

Boqor Rudolf II, oo xubin ka ah qoyska caanka ah ee Habsburg, wuxuu ahaa xamaasad kale oo caan ah oo ku qurxisay taajkiisa dhagaxyadan, kaas oo ilaa maanta loo isticmaalo Boqortooyada Imperial Crown ee Austria.

Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad aqriso:  Maroodi-jeex uu sameeyay Ando Rokudzan

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-16

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-17

Bohemian garnets waxay la kulmeen kor u kac caan ah qarnigii 19aad markii ay qurxiyeen dharka Ruushka ee Congresska Vienna ka dib dhicitaankii Napoleon ee 1815.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-18

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-18-2

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-18-3

Nicholas I shakhsi ahaan u safray Turnov si uu u dalbado ururinta dahabka garnet ee Empress.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-19

Garnets ayaa ahaa mid aad loo jecel yahay xilligii Fiktooriya oo dhan ilaa bilawga diiqada Wayn. Qaybtan soo jiidashada leh ayaa hadda la kulma dib u soo kabashada caanka ah waana qasab marka aad booqanayso Jamhuuriyadda Czech.

Garnet waa dhagax casaan ah, laakiin ma aha sida ruby; Midabkeeda guduudan aad buu ugu shabbahay midabka ololka... Waxa uu ka samaysmay meel fog oo bari ah... Haddii si fiican loo jaro oo loo sifeeyo, waa...-20